Environment

macOS

To get started, you need to set up your development environment.

What you need:

• git
• NVM
• Node and npm
• Java JDK 25 or later
• Maven 3.9.12 or later
• mkcert

You also need to:

• Update your /etc/hosts file

An editor is also required, we recommend IntelliJ IDEA.

Homebrew

If you haven't already, install Homebrew (The Package Manager for Everywhere):

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

To upgrade Homebrew, run:

brew update && \
brew upgrade

git

To install git, run

brew install git

To configure git so that it uses nano, run:

git config --global core.editor "nano"

NVW

To install NVW, run:

brew install nvm

Create the NVM Directory:

mkdir ~/.nvm

Add the following to your shell profile e.g. ~/.zshrc:

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"
[ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm"

Apply the changes to your current terminal session:

source ~/.zshrc

Confirm that NVM is installed correctly by checking its version:

nvm --version

Node and npm

To install Node and npm run:

nvm install node

To install a specific version (e.g., version 20) of Node:

nvm install 24

To switch to a specific version:

nvm use 24
nvm alias default 24

To list your installed versions:

nvm ls

To confirm that Node and npm are installed correctly, run:

node --version
npm --version

Java JDK

Homebrew tap AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk is officially deprecated in favor of the temurin casks provided directly from the Homebrew project. Homebrew is the best way to manage and work with different Java versions.

For example:

brew install --cask temurin@25

Update your .zshrc:

export JAVA_11_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v11)
export JAVA_17_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v17)
export JAVA_21_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v21)
export JAVA_24_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v24)
export JAVA_25_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v25)

alias java11='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_11_HOME'
alias java17='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_17_HOME'
alias java21='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_21_HOME'
alias java24='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_24_HOME'
alias java25='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_25_HOME'

java25

To check your Java version:

source ~/.zshrc
java -version

You should see something like:

openjdk version "21.0.9" 2025-10-21 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-21.0.9+10 (build 21.0.9+10-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-21.0.9+10 (build 21.0.9+10-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

To check for installed Java SDKs:

/usr/libexec/java_home -V

You should see something like:

Matching Java Virtual Machines (5):
25.0.1 (arm64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 25.0.1" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-25.jdk/Contents/Home
21.0.9 (arm64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 21.0.9" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-21.jdk/Contents/Home
17.0.17 (arm64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 17.0.17" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-17.jdk/Contents/Home
11.0.29 (arm64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 11.0.29" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-11.jdk/Contents/Home

Maven

To install Maven, run:

brew install maven

Confirm that Maven is installed correctly by checking its version:

mvn -v

mkcert

mkcert is a tool for making locally-trusted development certificates. It requires no configuration.

Create a certificate authority with mkcert

mkcert sets up a locally trusted Certificate Authority (CA), installed into the trust stores on your computer. Any certificates issued by this CA will be trusted by the client of your choice (Chrome, Firefox, curl, etc.).

brew install mkcert nss

Note: nss is only needed if you are using Firefox

Create and install the certificate authority:

mkcert -install

You should see something like::

Created a new local CA 💥
Sudo password:
The local CA is now installed in the system trust store! ⚡️
The local CA is now installed in the Firefox trust store (requires browser restart)! 🦊

Use mkcert to generate a key and a certificate for the following hostnames:

• serendipity.localhost

mkcert -key-file key.pem -cert-file cert.pem serendipity.localhost

Move the files into the \backend\certs directory and set the file permissions:

sudo chmod 600 *.pem

Note: On Unix and macOS systems the cert and key file permissions must disallow any access to world or group.

I also had an issue with Docker Compose mounting the *.pem files if they have extended attributes. On macOS, the @ symbol at the end of a file's permissions means the file has extended attributes.

To remove them, run:

xattr -c *.pem

Create a PKCS12 Keystore

You can use openssl to create a PKCS12 keystore:

openssl pkcs12 -export -in cert.pem -inkey key.pem -out keystore.p12 -name tomcat -password pass:secret

/etc/hosts

Update your /etc/hosts file:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Add the hostname, serendipity.localhost:

127.0.0.1 localhost serendipity.localhost

Note: Remember that mkcert is meant for development purposes, not production, so it should not be used on end users' machines, and you should not export or share rootCA-key.pem.

View and manage digital certificates

You can also use command-line tools to view and manage digital certificates.

For example:

curl -v https://serendipity.localhost
openssl x509 -in certs/cert.pem -text -noout
nmap --script ssl-cert -p 443 serendipity.localhost